Money and Aging
There’s a long list that comes with this part of life — the house, the retirement accounts, the beneficiary forms nobody has looked at in thirty years, the tax returns that somehow get more complicated rather than less. Most of that list is below, in plain language.
Some of it you can handle yourself, and I’ll tell you when that’s true. Some of it has a deadline attached and is easy to get wrong once. I do this work for a small number of families, and I work with every one of them myself.
Part one
This is the easier half, and the half most people skip. Almost all of it is simpler, cheaper, and less emotional to do now than later.
The forms on your retirement and insurance accounts decide who receives them, and they take precedence over a will. We go through every account together and make sure each one says what you want it to say.
The way something is held determines who receives it, and how quickly. Held one way, it passes directly to the person you have chosen. Held another, it goes through probate first, the court process for settling an estate, which can run many months. This is straightforward to review and to put right.
Banks, brokerages and the IRS will only discuss your accounts with someone you’ve formally authorized. A few simple forms handle it: an IRS power of attorney, so tax notices come to me and I can speak with the IRS on your behalf; authorizations at your custodian, so statements reach the people who should see them; and a trusted contact (such as an adult child) on file, so the institution has a familiar person to call.
In many households one person has looked after the money for years and the other hasn’t needed to. I’m glad to sit with whoever would like to understand it better, at whatever pace suits them.
Every account, every policy, every pension, gathered and written down in one place.
Retirement accounts left behind at former employers, several IRAs, an old brokerage account. Bringing these together means less paperwork, and a picture that you and your family can follow.
A clear and accurate picture of what comes in each month and what goes out. It’s the foundation for every other decision.
When each person claims affects what the household receives for the rest of your lives, and the two decisions interact. I’ll walk you through the options and what each would mean for you.
At a certain age the government requires you to take a set amount out of these accounts each year, and I keep track of the amounts and the dates for you.
In some years it’s worth moving money from a traditional retirement account into a Roth, paying the tax now so that less is owed later, either by you or by your children. Whether it suits you depends on your circumstances, and I’ll tell you honestly if it doesn’t.
What you pay for Medicare is based on your tax return from two years earlier. I keep that in view when planning, so a decision made this year doesn’t raise your premiums later on.
If you support a church or a cause that matters to you, there’s a way to give directly from a retirement account that isn’t taxed and that counts toward your RMD. I’m happy to set it up for you.
Part two
Most of what arrives in the first weeks is paperwork you will get through. A few things carry real money and real deadlines, and those are the ones I take off your hands.
For the year in which a spouse dies, the surviving spouse still files as married, for that year only. There are a few things worth doing while that’s the case, and I’ll look at them for you.
What the home and the investments were worth on that day determines how they’re taxed if they’re ever sold. These are simple to establish at the time, and I take care of it.
When a spouse dies, the gain that has built up in a home or an investment account over many years generally stops being taxable, and California treats married couples particularly favorably.
Whether to stay or to move is one of the biggest, and most personal, decisions during this time. Staying is often more affordable than people expect, and moving can make very good sense too; the tax treatment of a sale after a spouse’s death is generally kind, but the math changes over time.
A surviving spouse has options no other heir has: the account can be moved into your own name and drawn on over your lifetime, where children generally have ten years to empty one. I’ll handle the paperwork.
A married couple receives two payments, usually of different sizes, and a surviving spouse keeps the larger of the two. I’ll explain your options.
RMDs continue, now calculated on your own life, and the amounts change. I’ll handle this for you.
The accounts, the home, the car, and the beneficiary forms that still name your spouse all need bringing up to date. It’s a long list of small tasks, and I’m glad to take it on.
With your authorization, official letters can come to me rather than to you, and I’ll answer them. If something does arrive at your home, send it along.
From the following year the brackets are different, and there’s thoughtful work to be done so that you keep more of your income in the years ahead, and less is owed by your family afterwards. We can look at this together once things have settled.
People in this position are often approached about annuities, about selling the house quickly, or about moving retirement accounts somewhere new. Some of those offers are sound and some are not. I’m happy to serve as a trusted resource, at no charge.
If your spouse looked after the donations to your church or to other causes, I can see that it carries on exactly as the two of you intended.
Part three
Most financial advisers don’t prepare tax returns at all. I prepare and file all of these myself.
All of it by the same person who did the planning, with your whole picture already in front of me.
How I work with others
I’m not an attorney and I don’t draft documents. If you have an estate attorney, I work alongside them: I’ll read what they’ve drafted and make sure the accounts actually match it, which is often where the gap turns out to be. When something calls for legal work, I’ll say so, and if you don’t have an attorney I’m glad to suggest one.
The same goes for the health care professionals in your life. They know things I don’t, and I’d rather bring in the right person than work around them. What I hold is the financial picture, all of it, in one place, alongside everyone else helping you.
Most people who end up working with me talked once, went away, thought it over, and came back later. That’s the normal path.
The first conversation is free and runs thirty to forty-five minutes. Its only job is to work out whether I’m the right person for what you need, and if I’m not, I’ll say so. You’re welcome to bring someone you trust along: an adult child, your attorney, a friend. Many people do.
If you’re in the greater Walnut Creek area, I’m glad to come to you and meet at your own kitchen table. Anywhere else, we work just as easily by video or phone.
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